In the peripheral blood of ALS patients, an increased number of CD8+ T cell effector/memory cells was observed and these CD8+ T cells secreted increased granzyme B, IL-17 or IL-13 (Shi et al., 2007; Fiala et al., 2010; Kaur et al., 2022). The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.