It has been established that macrophages have the ability to eliminate cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, including (1) indirect killing by recruiting cancer cell-killing immune cells such as innate (NK) and adaptive (T) cells (2), cytolysis through antibody (Ab)-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and (3) direct cancer cell killing by releasing oxygen radicals such as nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, and TNF-α (122). Here, TNF is linked to cancer.