found that transplantation of fecal microorganisms derived from high-fat diet-fed mice into normal diet mice resulted in significantly increased susceptibility to AF, significantly higher circulating LPS levels, enhanced expression of intracardial ferritin, and enhanced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway relative to controls. Here, NLRP3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.