Using a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat model, a study demonstrated that high AF susceptibility in older rats can be transmitted to younger hosts via FMT, possibly associated with a significant increase in circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose levels leading to upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes expression (14), which demonstrated that the interaction between the NLRP3 inflammasomes and the gut microbiota on the development of AF. Here, NLRP3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.