MSCs also exhibit inhibition of secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory factors by B cells, as well as suppression of dendritic cell development through secretion of IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 maturation, inhibit the proliferation and activation of CD8+ T cells, and stimulate CD4+ T cells to produce Th2 responses, upregulate Treg cells, and attenuate the inflammatory response associated with lupus nephritis (93). Here, CD4 is linked to lupus nephritis.