It is indicative that the respective common (and down-regulated in the respective early infection stages) hallmark entries are all related with IFN signaling, immune/antiviral responses and induction of ISGs, namely: ‘Interferon alpha/beta signaling’, ‘Interferon Signaling’, ‘Cytokine Signaling in Immune system’, ‘Immune System’, ‘Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes’, ‘Interferon gamma signaling’, ‘OAS antiviral response’, ‘ISG15 antiviral mechanism’, ‘DDX58/IFIH1-mediated induction of interferon-alpha/beta’. Here, ISG15 is linked to infection.