We identified 31 important signaling pathways by CellChat in HCs, such as TGFb, ITGB2, ICAM, and RESISTIN signaling pathways, while four pathways predicted by CellChat, including MIF, SELPLG, CSF, and CXCL pathways, were specific to circulating immune cells in the peripheral blood of PV patients (Figure 7B). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acquired polycythemia vera.