Additionally, in undifferentiated arthritis, and early and established RA, expression of CD40 and CD40LG were increased compared to osteoarthritis and healthy controls, while expanded CD8+CD40L+ ST T cells clones from RA patients expressed CD40L (69), further suggesting a role for increased local CD40- CD40L signalling in the RA ST (70). This evidence concerns the gene CD40 and osteoarthritis.