PPFIA2 and posterior cortical atrophy: DEGs, such as NANS, PABPC1L, PILRB, PPFIA2, and SESN3, and dysregulated biological functions, such as cadherin binding, Golgi vesicle transport, and protein folding, were related to GS progression in our patients with PCa, which has potential value for PCa malignant evaluation in clinical diagnosis.