Remarkably, although we demonstrated previously that these NSCLC tumor cells do not directly mediate MØ overexpression of CCL2 or CCL7 directly (Fig. 2D), the TFM tri-culture spheroids still secrete M-CSF, CCL2, and CCL7 and induce monocyte recruitment, suggesting that depending on the tumor cell lines used, the tri-culture can potentially support monocyte recruitment through various alternative mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and neoplasm.