Studies on a mouse model of pulmonary hypertension under hypoxia conditions showed that TGF-β1 (Bai et al., 2021) or hypoxia-inducing factor 2α (HIF2α) signaling pathway induces the expression of SPARC in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The gene discussed is EPAS1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.