Based on the 95th percentile of community children as the cut-off for plasma UCH-L1 (43.5 pg/mL), NF-L (7.5 pg/mL), and GFAP (284.5 pg/mL), UCH-L1 levels were elevated in 71% (n = 130) and 51% (n = 81) of children with cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia, respectively (all P < 0.001), and plasma NF-L levels were elevated in 40% (n = 73) and 37% (n = 58) of children with cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia, respectively (all P < 0.001) (Fig. 1A). Here, GFAP is linked to cerebral malaria.