TNF and Alzheimer disease: However, thereis evidence in the literature that neurons in neurodegenerative diseasessuch as AD contribute to the production of cytokines such as IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF, which may exacerbate local inflammation and neurodegeneration.14,18,19 Several studies have shown thatinflammation and immune responses are the determining factors in diseaseprogression and that familial and sporadic PD is responsible for pathogenicprocesses at the onset of the disease.20 Studies on PD suggest that high levels of IL-6 increase the riskof PD and may be associated with disease onset.