INS and Insulin resistance: Additionally, this research reveals that high levels of LA can improve glucose and insulin resistance, fully aligning with causal inference results: first, glycated hemoglobin can be used as an indicator to assess average plasma glucose levels over the previous three months (25); second, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index is used to assess insulin resistance, calculated as fasting insulin (μU/mL) × fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)/22.5 (26), and we can deduce that LA may improve insulin resistance.