Some studies have demonstrated that radiotherapy can enhance the antitumor immune response by upregulating PD-L1 expression, altering the tumor microenvironment, inducing immunogenic death of tumor cells (ICD), etc., to enhance the antitumor immune response of patients (96–99), so many studies in recent years have explored whether the addition of immune drugs to neoadjuvant therapy for LARC can provide better benefit (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.