SMAD7 and Hepatic fibrosis: Compound kushen injection, an approved traditional Chinese medicine formula, reduced the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, liver compensatory proliferation, and hepatocellular death of mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 injection or a methionine choline-deficient diet via rebalancing TGF-β/Smad7 signaling in HSCs, which protected against hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in both preclinical and clinical studies (28).