MYD88 and hepatocellular carcinoma: It has been reported that intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce HCC in animals activates the TLR4-mediated MyD88 signaling pathway, resulting in the activation of Kupffer cells, the production of IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory mediators, and the induction of carcinogenic effects of the TLR4-MyD88-dependent pathway (93).