These GB-associated astrocytes transition into a tumor-promoting phenotype characterized by secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-6 (39), increase in their migrational capacity with enhanced cytokine production through signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (40). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is neoplasm.