VEGFA and neoplasm: Oncogenic EV-uptake by tumor associated cells leads to changes in cytokine secretion (e.g., VEGF and IL-6), changes in antigen display to deviate T cells from their target, and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (57) or lowering of miR-146a-5p (58) rendering the extracellular space more permissive for tumor cell migration.