Methods A set of 17 genes (BRCA1,BRCA2,APC,TP53,PTEN,RET,VHL,RB1,CDKN2,CDH1,CHEK2,MLH1,MSH2,MSH6,MUTYH,XPA, andXPC) associated with cancer and hereditary syndromes were analyzed. This evidence concerns the gene VHL and cancer.