● Inhibition of miR-21-5p protects 5/6 nephrectomized rats from developing left ventricular hypertrophy and improves left ventricular function● MiR-21-5p inhibition altered gene expression of the left ventricular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR α) regulatory pathway. PPAR α, a miR-21-5p target, is the predominant PPAR isoform in the heart and plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism.Therapeutic administration of a low-dose PPAR α agonist (clofibrate) to 5/6 nephrectomized rats improved cardiac function and prevented left ventricular dilatation. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is left ventricular hypertrophy.