● The findings reveal that miR-217 is highly expressed in the hearts of CHF patients and aggravate pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by suppressing PTEN expression. Cardiomyocyte-derived miR-217-containing exosomes induce fibroblast proliferation and may promote cardiac fibrosis (Figure 7). These findings suggest that miR-217 plays important roles in cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, providing therapeutic targets for heart failure. Here, PTEN is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.