Secondly, the liver is a primary target of intestine-derived bacterial products, and the incidence of bacterial translocation has been shown to increase in several models of liver disease, and leading to an increase in the levels of profibrogenic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists, such as LPS, in hepatic fibrosis (Seki et al., 2007). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is liver disorder.