NPPB and chronic kidney disease: Compared with AHF patients without renal impairment, the baseline BNP level of CKD patients with HF was significantly higher than that of CKD patients alone; BNP levels were significantly higher in patients with evidence of CRS (Ronco et al., 2008; House et al., 2010; Palazzuoli et al., 2014; Rangaswami et al., 2019; Zhang Y. et al., 2021; Castiglione et al., 2022; Heidenreich et al., 2022).