Analysis showed that 237 proteins were significantly changed in mTBI groups compared to the sham injury group. Significantly, two proteins, Pde10a and Gnal, which are involved in cAMP signal pathway, were suggested to play a role in mTBI pathogenesis. Both proteins were acutely upregulated after the injury and did not return to baseline levels until 6 months after the injury. The gene discussed is GNAL; the disease is concussion.