Li et al. demonstrated that TMAO at least partially aggravates doxorubicin-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes.129 As previously mentioned, NF-κB activates the inflammatory response, and NF-κB and Smad3 play important roles in myocardial fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and Myocardial fibrosis.