Similarly to the above listed growth factors, the remaining six transcripts, GPC3 (encoding glypican 3), CEACAM1 (encoding CEA cell adhesion molecule 1), EFEMP1 (encoding EGF-containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1, also known as fibulin-3), LEP (encoding leptin), MYOC (encoding myocilin), and NTRK3 (encoding neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3) were all related to regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and motility27–32 and were all strongly increased by several folds in AD- and AS-HPFs compared to their expression in P-HPFs (Fig. 8). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.