NFKB1 and pulmonary emphysema: Another study confirmed that the transplantation of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) and their exos could treat the loss of the alveolar septum in the lungs of rats with emphysema and reduce the levels of the NF-κB subunit p65 in tissue, thereby exerting a protective effect on rats with emphysema [61].