PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To investigate which TFs are responsible for PD-1 and TIM-3 expression during IRG1-induced CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, we examined the mRNA levels of exhaustion-related TFs in (1) CD8+ T cells isolated from the livers of Hepa 1-6 cell-induced HCC of WT and KO mice; (2) Jurkat cells treated with 4-OI for 48 h; and (3) CD8+ T cells isolated from the livers of WT and KO mice treated with 4-OI during HCC induction (Supplementary Fig. 4a).