We analyzed the expression of the exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in Hepa 1-6 cell-induced (Fig. 2c), DEN/CCl4-induced (Supplementary Fig. 2d), and YAP5SA-induced HCC models (Supplementary Fig. 2e) and found that PD-1+ CD8+, TIM-3+ CD8+, and PD-1+ TIM-3+ CD8+ T cells were all significantly reduced in KO mice. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.