ACOD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To investigate the role of IRG1/itaconate in tumorigenesis, short-, medium-, and long-term orthotopic HCC models were established by hepatic portal vein injection of Hepa 1-6 cells, intraperitoneal injection of DEN/CCl4, and hydrodynamic injection of YAP5SA plasmids in wild-type mice (WT) and Irg1 knockout mice (KO) (Fig. 1a–c, left panel).