Consistent with the protective role of PARP1 during the chronic phase of infection, the addition of Tp to RIF (5.5 ± 0.2 log10 CFU for RIF + Tp, p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle) slightly antagonized the CFU benefit of RIF alone (p = 0.0067 vs. RIF), while the addition of PZA (0.5 ± 0.3 log10 CFU for RIF + PZA, p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle or RIF) significantly augmented the bacterial killing observed with RIF alone (Fig. 4b). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and infection.