INS and Insulin resistance: The reduction in the insulin sensitivity modulator, adiponectin, allows for the progression of insulin resistance.43 Current EFV treatment has been correlated with elevated markers of atherosclerosis.44 The finding of liponavir-based cART regimen is in line with the independent association with MetS in a study in Barcelona, Spain.25 This is supported by the molecular mechanism of the drug that causes substantial impairment of adipocyte differentiation and lipid or glucose metabolism, pronounced decrease in mitochondrial proteins and increased inflammation.45