POMC and Hypsarrhythmia: After treatment, 348 IESS patients from the ACTH combined with MgSO4 group and 128 IESS patients from the ACTH group achieved a reduction in seizure frequency of ≥ 50% compared to baseline and the resolution of hypsarrhythmia EEGs [70.8% (348/489), 95% CI = 66.7%–74.8% vs. 53.8% (128/238), 95% CI = 47.4%–60.2%; P < 0.001].