After treatment, 191 refractory IESS patients from the ACTH combined with MgSO4 group and 64 refractory IESS patients from the ACTH group achieved a reduction in seizure frequency of ≥ 50% compared to baseline and the resolution of hypsarrhythmia EEGs [65.2% (191/293) vs. 48.9% (64/131), P = 0.002] (Table 2). The gene discussed is POMC; the disease is Hypsarrhythmia.