TWIST1 and colorectal carcinoma: It was further demonstrated that induced upregulation of OTX1 in CRC cell lines causes an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype in CRC cells, as shown by the up-regulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and Vimentin) and EMT related transcription factors (i.e., Twist1, Snail, Slug, and ZEB1) and the concomitant down-regulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin [141].