Deficiencies in R-loop resolution are pathological, evidenced by the several human diseases associated with defects in R-loop resolution factors, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (senataxin) [247,248,249]; Fanconi anemia and various cancers (FANC proteins, BRCA1) [266]; adult-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (RNase H1) [267]; and Aicardi–Goutières neurological syndrome (RNaseH2) [264]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.