In the case of solid tumors, such as HCC, VEGF is secreted by hypoxic tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells, and leads to the recruitment of regulatory T cells, TAMs, and MDSCs, which in turn release additional VEGF and immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.