LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: It has been hypothesized that PD-associated LRRK2 and PARK2 defects result in a permissive environment for M. paratuberculosis infection and ineffective xerophagy [103], suggesting that, starting as an enteric infection, M. paratuberculosis, via the vagus nerve, initiates a pathological process that results in targeted CNS neuroinvasion.