Inflammatory and metabolic pathophysiological conditions, such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, NASH, Alzheimer’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis are often associated with Ox-mtDNA release in the cytosol, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome [92] and cGAS-STING pathway; however, to date, it is not quite well-understood. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and atherosclerosis.