TGFB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: The downregulated genes included HMBS, E2F1, TP53, and SFRP2. However, only TGFB1 was significantly upregulated (p < 0.0004), and only HMBS (p < 0.01) and E2F1 (p < 0.01) were significantly downregulated in the MASLD group compared with the controls (Figure 5).