The vast majority of previous cancer vaccines have targeted TAAs, which are self-antigens that include proteins overexpressed in cancer cells (e.g., HER2, hTERT, and mesothelin), differentiation antigens, mainly expressed on the tissue from which the tumor originated (e.g., gp100, tyrosinase, and Melan-A/MART-1), and cancer germline/cancer testis antigens normally expressed only in male germ cells, placentas, or in the early stages of embryonic development (e.g., NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A1, and MAGE-A3) [9]. This evidence concerns the gene TYR and cancer.