In a 2014 clinical trial, lasting seven years, the association was investigated between the intake of magnesium, assessed using the semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), both through foods and through the use of supplements, and the risk of developing IFG (≥5.6 to <7.0 mmol/L), IGT (2 h post-load glucose ≥7.8 to <11.1 mmol/L), IR, or hyperinsulinemia (≥90th percentile of homeostasis model assessment of IR or fasting insulin, respectively) in 2582 participants (55% female), aged 26 to 81, with normal glucometabolic status at baseline. Here, INS is linked to hyperinsulinism.