CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In non-randomized research, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and chemoablation (CA) enhanced the effectiveness of the ICI tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4 mAb) in patients with advanced-stage HCC by inducing a CD8 T-cell response [33].