VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Patients with advanced HCC who progress or are intolerant to first-line therapy may benefit from second-line treatments; these include two TKIs, cabozantinib and regorafenib, one anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, ramucirumab, and three ICIs, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab [36].