AI algorithm identified 16 risk factors for POPF: pancreatic duct diameter, body mass index, preoperative serum albumin, lipase level, amount of intraoperative fluid infusion, age, platelet count, extrapancreatic location of tumor, combined venous resection, co-existing pancreatitis, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, ASA score, sex, soft texture of the pancreas, underlying heart disease, and preoperative endoscopic biliary decompression [129,185,186,187]. Here, ALB is linked to neoplasm.