The main findings of our study are: (1) PAFR gene/protein expression and Lyso-PAF isoforms were present in both the NM from control subjects and in the NP from patients suffering from CRS; and (2) compared to healthy NM tissues, higher PAFR gene expression levels and higher concentrations of Lyso-PAF isoforms were found in inflamed NP tissues, predominantly in N-ERD patients. The gene discussed is PTAFR; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.