IL6 and lung cancer: IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ had consistent associations with the lung cancer risk (HR [95% CI]: 1.31 [1.04–1.66], 1.25 [1.06–1.48], 1.23 [1.07–1.42], respectively), whereas, in ever-smokers, only IL-6 had an association with the lung cancer risk (HR [95% CI]:1.38 [1.16–1.64]) (Table 4).