In healthy cells and cancer cells with soft defects, APM and MHC I genes can be induced by the IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), NF-κB, and the NOD-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) in response to stimulatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ [40,41,42]. Here, ANPEP is linked to cancer.