In mouse and human fibroblasts as well as melanoma, colon, and breast cancer cell lines, the OS-induced expression of KLF9 leads to a further increase in intracellular ROS, as a consequence of KLF9 suppression of Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2; a key anti-oxidant protein) gene expression [30]. Here, TXNRD2 is linked to breast carcinoma.