In this study, gene expression profiling of colon mucosa, at a timepoint prior to the overt appearance of adenomas, revealed the induction of a subset of interferon-inducible genes (including CXCL9 (CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 9) and ISG15 (Interferon-stimulated Gene 15)) upon heterozygous and homozygous knockout of the Klf9 gene (in the ApcMin/+ background [168]. Here, KLF9 is linked to adenoma.