Recently, other cytokines have been described as being involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of cancer cachexia: TNF receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TNF-like inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) [31,32,33,34]. The gene discussed is LIF; the disease is cancer.