These authors have also found that, in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, AV-1 induces autophagy via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway which, in turn, suppresses mTORC1 activity. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.