Recent studies leveraging single-cell gene expression and surface marker analyses have identified a subset of dysfunctional (PD1, LAG3, and TIM3) yet proliferating (Ki-67) CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma tumors, which is distinct from previously described exhausted T cells with a loss of proliferative capacity [4,5]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma.