TGFB1 and cancer: They also engage in crosstalk with other cells and contribute to angiogenesis and cancer cell metastasis by secreting multiple cytokines, including VEGF, TGF-β, IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) [80, 81].