Significantly higher levels of IL-1β (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.001) were found for Sec1−/− mice with DSS-induced IBD in comparison to WT animals with same conditions (Fig. 2A), confirming the suppressive role of Sec1 on systemic immune responses. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and inflammatory bowel disease.