BACE1 and diabetes mellitus: This study investigated the phenolic compositions, antioxidant activities, and in-hibitory potential of each ingredient in PSCD and CHRT remedies against key enzymes relevant to NCDs including Alzheimer’s disease (β-secretase (BACE-1), butyrylcholin-esterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), diabetes mellitus (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), and hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)).