TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: For example, in the cohort of 492 patients with IBD evaluated by Seminerio et al, concomitant with infliximab therapy, 79% used corticosteroids, while 76% used a third agent (Azathioprine, 6-Mercaptopurine or Methotrexate).[24] The concomitant use of other immunosuppressants generates a confounding factor when assessing the individual contribution to the risk of a TNF-α inhibitor.