ESR1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Age, pre-intubation vital signs, hemoglobin, BUN, Cr, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ESR, and CRP, as well as gender, underlying diseases (hypertension, COPD, and malignancy), heart rate changes, receiving vasopressor prior to ETI, type of oxygenation received, indications for ETI (airway protection, respiratory failure, septic shock), the medications received for induction were found to be the variables independently associated with PICA (Table 1).